In [ ]:
#https://ohke.hateblo.jp/entry/2017/08/11/230000を参考に利用しています。

Googleドライブのマウント

In [1]:
from google.colab import drive
drive.mount('/content/drive')

Mounted at /content/drive
In [2]:
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegressionCV
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline

sys.pathの設定

以下では，Googleドライブのマイドライブ直下にstudy_ai_mlフォルダを置くことを仮定しています．必要に応じて，パスを変更してください。

In [3]:
cancer_df = pd.read_csv('/content/drive/My Drive/study_ai_ml/data/cancer.csv')
In [4]:
print('cancer df shape: {}'.format(cancer_df.shape))

cancer df shape: (569, 33)
In [5]:
cancer_df
Out[5]:
id diagnosis radius_mean texture_mean perimeter_mean area_mean smoothness_mean compactness_mean concavity_mean concave points_mean symmetry_mean fractal_dimension_mean radius_se texture_se perimeter_se area_se smoothness_se compactness_se concavity_se concave points_se symmetry_se fractal_dimension_se radius_worst texture_worst perimeter_worst area_worst smoothness_worst compactness_worst concavity_worst concave points_worst symmetry_worst fractal_dimension_worst Unnamed: 32
0 842302 M 17.99 10.38 122.80 1001.0 0.11840 0.27760 0.30010 0.14710 0.2419 0.07871 1.0950 0.9053 8.589 153.40 0.006399 0.04904 0.05373 0.01587 0.03003 0.006193 25.380 17.33 184.60 2019.0 0.16220 0.66560 0.7119 0.2654 0.4601 0.11890 NaN
1 842517 M 20.57 17.77 132.90 1326.0 0.08474 0.07864 0.08690 0.07017 0.1812 0.05667 0.5435 0.7339 3.398 74.08 0.005225 0.01308 0.01860 0.01340 0.01389 0.003532 24.990 23.41 158.80 1956.0 0.12380 0.18660 0.2416 0.1860 0.2750 0.08902 NaN
2 84300903 M 19.69 21.25 130.00 1203.0 0.10960 0.15990 0.19740 0.12790 0.2069 0.05999 0.7456 0.7869 4.585 94.03 0.006150 0.04006 0.03832 0.02058 0.02250 0.004571 23.570 25.53 152.50 1709.0 0.14440 0.42450 0.4504 0.2430 0.3613 0.08758 NaN
3 84348301 M 11.42 20.38 77.58 386.1 0.14250 0.28390 0.24140 0.10520 0.2597 0.09744 0.4956 1.1560 3.445 27.23 0.009110 0.07458 0.05661 0.01867 0.05963 0.009208 14.910 26.50 98.87 567.7 0.20980 0.86630 0.6869 0.2575 0.6638 0.17300 NaN
4 84358402 M 20.29 14.34 135.10 1297.0 0.10030 0.13280 0.19800 0.10430 0.1809 0.05883 0.7572 0.7813 5.438 94.44 0.011490 0.02461 0.05688 0.01885 0.01756 0.005115 22.540 16.67 152.20 1575.0 0.13740 0.20500 0.4000 0.1625 0.2364 0.07678 NaN
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
564 926424 M 21.56 22.39 142.00 1479.0 0.11100 0.11590 0.24390 0.13890 0.1726 0.05623 1.1760 1.2560 7.673 158.70 0.010300 0.02891 0.05198 0.02454 0.01114 0.004239 25.450 26.40 166.10 2027.0 0.14100 0.21130 0.4107 0.2216 0.2060 0.07115 NaN
565 926682 M 20.13 28.25 131.20 1261.0 0.09780 0.10340 0.14400 0.09791 0.1752 0.05533 0.7655 2.4630 5.203 99.04 0.005769 0.02423 0.03950 0.01678 0.01898 0.002498 23.690 38.25 155.00 1731.0 0.11660 0.19220 0.3215 0.1628 0.2572 0.06637 NaN
566 926954 M 16.60 28.08 108.30 858.1 0.08455 0.10230 0.09251 0.05302 0.1590 0.05648 0.4564 1.0750 3.425 48.55 0.005903 0.03731 0.04730 0.01557 0.01318 0.003892 18.980 34.12 126.70 1124.0 0.11390 0.30940 0.3403 0.1418 0.2218 0.07820 NaN
567 927241 M 20.60 29.33 140.10 1265.0 0.11780 0.27700 0.35140 0.15200 0.2397 0.07016 0.7260 1.5950 5.772 86.22 0.006522 0.06158 0.07117 0.01664 0.02324 0.006185 25.740 39.42 184.60 1821.0 0.16500 0.86810 0.9387 0.2650 0.4087 0.12400 NaN
568 92751 B 7.76 24.54 47.92 181.0 0.05263 0.04362 0.00000 0.00000 0.1587 0.05884 0.3857 1.4280 2.548 19.15 0.007189 0.00466 0.00000 0.00000 0.02676 0.002783 9.456 30.37 59.16 268.6 0.08996 0.06444 0.0000 0.0000 0.2871 0.07039 NaN

569 rows × 33 columns

In [6]:
cancer_df.drop('Unnamed: 32', axis=1, inplace=True)
cancer_df
Out[6]:
id diagnosis radius_mean texture_mean perimeter_mean area_mean smoothness_mean compactness_mean concavity_mean concave points_mean symmetry_mean fractal_dimension_mean radius_se texture_se perimeter_se area_se smoothness_se compactness_se concavity_se concave points_se symmetry_se fractal_dimension_se radius_worst texture_worst perimeter_worst area_worst smoothness_worst compactness_worst concavity_worst concave points_worst symmetry_worst fractal_dimension_worst
0 842302 M 17.99 10.38 122.80 1001.0 0.11840 0.27760 0.30010 0.14710 0.2419 0.07871 1.0950 0.9053 8.589 153.40 0.006399 0.04904 0.05373 0.01587 0.03003 0.006193 25.380 17.33 184.60 2019.0 0.16220 0.66560 0.7119 0.2654 0.4601 0.11890
1 842517 M 20.57 17.77 132.90 1326.0 0.08474 0.07864 0.08690 0.07017 0.1812 0.05667 0.5435 0.7339 3.398 74.08 0.005225 0.01308 0.01860 0.01340 0.01389 0.003532 24.990 23.41 158.80 1956.0 0.12380 0.18660 0.2416 0.1860 0.2750 0.08902
2 84300903 M 19.69 21.25 130.00 1203.0 0.10960 0.15990 0.19740 0.12790 0.2069 0.05999 0.7456 0.7869 4.585 94.03 0.006150 0.04006 0.03832 0.02058 0.02250 0.004571 23.570 25.53 152.50 1709.0 0.14440 0.42450 0.4504 0.2430 0.3613 0.08758
3 84348301 M 11.42 20.38 77.58 386.1 0.14250 0.28390 0.24140 0.10520 0.2597 0.09744 0.4956 1.1560 3.445 27.23 0.009110 0.07458 0.05661 0.01867 0.05963 0.009208 14.910 26.50 98.87 567.7 0.20980 0.86630 0.6869 0.2575 0.6638 0.17300
4 84358402 M 20.29 14.34 135.10 1297.0 0.10030 0.13280 0.19800 0.10430 0.1809 0.05883 0.7572 0.7813 5.438 94.44 0.011490 0.02461 0.05688 0.01885 0.01756 0.005115 22.540 16.67 152.20 1575.0 0.13740 0.20500 0.4000 0.1625 0.2364 0.07678
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
564 926424 M 21.56 22.39 142.00 1479.0 0.11100 0.11590 0.24390 0.13890 0.1726 0.05623 1.1760 1.2560 7.673 158.70 0.010300 0.02891 0.05198 0.02454 0.01114 0.004239 25.450 26.40 166.10 2027.0 0.14100 0.21130 0.4107 0.2216 0.2060 0.07115
565 926682 M 20.13 28.25 131.20 1261.0 0.09780 0.10340 0.14400 0.09791 0.1752 0.05533 0.7655 2.4630 5.203 99.04 0.005769 0.02423 0.03950 0.01678 0.01898 0.002498 23.690 38.25 155.00 1731.0 0.11660 0.19220 0.3215 0.1628 0.2572 0.06637
566 926954 M 16.60 28.08 108.30 858.1 0.08455 0.10230 0.09251 0.05302 0.1590 0.05648 0.4564 1.0750 3.425 48.55 0.005903 0.03731 0.04730 0.01557 0.01318 0.003892 18.980 34.12 126.70 1124.0 0.11390 0.30940 0.3403 0.1418 0.2218 0.07820
567 927241 M 20.60 29.33 140.10 1265.0 0.11780 0.27700 0.35140 0.15200 0.2397 0.07016 0.7260 1.5950 5.772 86.22 0.006522 0.06158 0.07117 0.01664 0.02324 0.006185 25.740 39.42 184.60 1821.0 0.16500 0.86810 0.9387 0.2650 0.4087 0.12400
568 92751 B 7.76 24.54 47.92 181.0 0.05263 0.04362 0.00000 0.00000 0.1587 0.05884 0.3857 1.4280 2.548 19.15 0.007189 0.00466 0.00000 0.00000 0.02676 0.002783 9.456 30.37 59.16 268.6 0.08996 0.06444 0.0000 0.0000 0.2871 0.07039

569 rows × 32 columns

・diagnosis: 診断結果 (良性がB / 悪性がM) ・説明変数は3列以降、目的変数を2列目としロジスティック回帰で分類

In [7]:
# 目的変数の抽出
y = cancer_df.diagnosis.apply(lambda d: 1 if d == 'M' else 0)
In [8]:
# 説明変数の抽出
X = cancer_df.loc[:, 'radius_mean':]
In [9]:
# 学習用とテスト用でデータを分離
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, random_state=0)

# 標準化
scaler = StandardScaler()
X_train_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test_scaled = scaler.transform(X_test)

# ロジスティック回帰で学習
logistic = LogisticRegressionCV(cv=10, random_state=0)
logistic.fit(X_train_scaled, y_train)

# 検証
print('Train score: {:.3f}'.format(logistic.score(X_train_scaled, y_train)))
print('Test score: {:.3f}'.format(logistic.score(X_test_scaled, y_test)))
print('Confustion matrix:\n{}'.format(confusion_matrix(y_true=y_test, y_pred=logistic.predict(X_test_scaled))))

/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)

Train score: 0.988
Test score: 0.972
Confustion matrix:
[[89  1]
 [ 3 50]]

/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)

・検証スコア97%で分類できることを確認

In [10]:
pca = PCA(n_components=30)
pca.fit(X_train_scaled)
plt.bar([n for n in range(1, len(pca.explained_variance_ratio_)+1)], pca.explained_variance_ratio_)
Out[10]:
<BarContainer object of 30 artists>
In [11]:
# PCA
# 次元数2まで圧縮
pca = PCA(n_components=2)
X_train_pca = pca.fit_transform(X_train_scaled)
print('X_train_pca shape: {}'.format(X_train_pca.shape))
# X_train_pca shape: (426, 2)

# 寄与率
print('explained variance ratio: {}'.format(pca.explained_variance_ratio_))
# explained variance ratio: [ 0.43315126  0.19586506]

# 散布図にプロット
temp = pd.DataFrame(X_train_pca)
temp['Outcome'] = y_train.values
b = temp[temp['Outcome'] == 0]
m = temp[temp['Outcome'] == 1]
plt.scatter(x=b[0], y=b[1], marker='o') # 良性は○でマーク
plt.scatter(x=m[0], y=m[1], marker='^') # 悪性は△でマーク
plt.xlabel('PC 1') # 第1主成分をx軸
plt.ylabel('PC 2') # 第2主成分をy軸

X_train_pca shape: (426, 2)
explained variance ratio: [0.43315126 0.19586506]
Out[11]:
Text(0, 0.5, 'PC 2')
In [ ]: